S.A.W.

These letters are abbreviations for the words "Salla Allahu    Alaihi Wa Sallam", which means : may the blessing and the peace   of Allah be upon him. When the name of Prophet Muhammad is mentioned, a Muslim is to respect him and invoke this statement of  peace upon him.

Sadaqa / Sadaqah

Anything given away in charity in the name of Allah.

Sadaqah al-Fitr

A compulsory levy after the month of fasting (Ramadan). Every Nisab-holder has to give to the poor one saa (21/2 kg.) of commonly used grain for himself and each one of his depend­ents.

Safa and Marwa

Two small hills in Makkah, in Al-Haram  as-Shareef (The Grand Masjid) to the east. It is an essential part of  an Umrah and the Hajj to walk seven times between the two places, quickening ones step briefly between the two hills. This is  called Sai. See Holy Quran, Al-Baqara (2).

Sahib al-Mal

(plural, Ashab al-mal): The financier; in the mudarabah form of partnership agreement, the sahib al-mal (also, rabb al-mal) provides the finance while the mudarib provides the entrepreneur ship and management. There can be many ashab al-mal and midribs in a given muddrabah agreement. See also muddrabah, mudarib.

Sai

The act of going back and forth seven times between Safa  and Marwa which is done during the Hajj or the Umra.

Sak

Pl. Sukook, Check, certificate of debt, certificates of investment.

Salam

See Bai al salam.

Samsarah

Brokrage, agency, business of commisson. See Simsar.

Sarf

contract for the exchange of gold, silver, and currencies whether the currency or commodity exchanged is the same from both sides or is different, that is, whether dinars are exchanged with dinars or dinars are exchanged with dirhams.

Shakhsiyah i'itbariyah

juristic person; artificial personality; corpo­rate personality.

Shari’ah

Islamic Jurisprudence. Divine law consisting of Quran and Sunnah and on justification.

Sharik

partner.

Sharikah al-wujuh

partnership based on credit-worthiness of the partners in which the ratio of profit and loss is based on the li­ability borne, but the partnership has to be of the type inan or mufawadah.

Sharikah 'ammah

general partnership; a partnership in which each partner is a general attorney for the other partners; a partnership that permits trading in all types of goods.

Sharikah khassah

special partnership; partnership for a single ven­ture or for trading in a particular item; partnership in which each partner is a special attorney of the other partners.

Sharikah Musahamah

in Egyptian law it is the name for a corpora­tion or for a public limited company.

Sharikah

partnership; in Egyptian law the term is used for joint-stock companies and corporations as well, but is qualified with an adjective to indicate its nature: thus, sharikah musahamah for a public limited company or a corporation whose capital has been subscribed to by the general public.

Sharikat al- 'inan

a basic contract of partnership based on agency in which participation may either be on the basis of wealth or labor or credit-worthiness, and in which equality of contribution or legal capacity is not necessary.

Sharikat al-abdan

another name for sharikat al-amal.

Sharikat al-amwal

a partnership in which participation is based on the contribution of wealth by all partners, but the partnership has to be of the type indn or mufdwadah.

Sharikat al-ibahah

common rights of individuals to gather possesses and own free commodities.

Sharikat al-jabr

mandatory co-ownership created by an act of law, like inheritance.

Sharikat al-mafalis

a partnership between persons whose assets have been reduced to copper coins and who have to buy on the basis of credit-worthiness; see sharikat al-wujuh.

Sharikat al-mal

see sharikat al-amwal.

Sharikat al-milk

co-ownership. Sharikat al-mudarabah: see mudarabah.

Sharikat al-taqabbul

partnership for the acceptance of work, which is the same thing as a partnership based on labor or skill.

Sharikat al-dhimam

a term used by the Malikis to indicate a situa­tion where two or more persons are buying goods on credit it is different from the Hanafi sharikat al-wujuh insofar as it requires the physical presence of all the partners at the time of purchase.

Shira’ bi al-nasi'ah

a credit-purchase.

Shirb

The right of irrigation.

Shirikat al- 'aqd

a partnership created through contract as opposed to co-ownership that may be the result of a joint purchase or agree­ment or it may result from inheritance or from some other legal situation.

Shirkah

Another form of the term sharikah. Partnership between two or more persons whereby, unlike mudarabah, all of them have a share in finance as well as entrepreneurship and management, though not necessarily equally. See Appendix II for details.

Shirkat al-'amal

see sharikat at-amal.

Shirkat

See Musharikah

Shuf’ah

preemption.

Shuff'ah

The right of preemption for a person who is his neighbor or who is his partner in water.

Shukuk / Sukook

Check, certificate of debt, certificates of investment; plural of Shak

Shurut

conditions; the name given to the art of conveyancing in Islamic law.

Sighah

form of the contract.

Simsar

Broker, agent like travel agent or estate agent. See Samsarah.

Sunnah

Any saying of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) or his act or any act of his com­panion endorsed by him. After the Quran, the Sunnah is the most important source of the Islamic faith and refers essentially to the Prophets example as indicated by his practise of the faith. The only way to know the Sunnah is through the collection of Ahddith .

Surah

A chapter of the Quran. There are 114 surahs of varying lengths in the Quran. In all references to the Quran in the text (e.g. 30: 41), the first number refers to the surah and the second to the ay ah or verse.